Ukukhanya kwelanga liza le-electromagnetic, elahlulwe kukukhanya okubonakalayo kunye nokukhanya okungabonakaliyo. Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kubhekisela koko kunokubonwa liliso lenyama, njengokukhanya komnyama okumibalabala esixhenxe obomvu, orenji, omthubi, oluhlaza, oluhlaza, oluhlaza, oyindigo nomfusa ekukhanyeni kwelanga; ukukhanya okungabonakaliyo kubhekisela kwinto engenakubonwa ngeliso lenyama, njenge-ultraviolet, i-infrared, njl. Kuye kwaqinisekiswa ukuba ukukhanya kwelanga okumhlophe kuhlanganiswe imibala esixhenxe yokukhanya okubonakalayo kunye nemitha ye-ultraviolet engabonakaliyo, i-X-rays, α, β, γ, imisebe ye-infrared, i-microwaves kunye namaza osasazo. Ibhanti ngalinye lokukhanya kwelanga linemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo. Ngoku, bafundi abathandekayo, nceda ulandele umbhali ukuba athethe ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.
Ngokweziphumo ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji, imitha ye-ultraviolet yahlulwe yangamaqela amane ngokobude bobude: i-UVA yamaza amade, i-UVB ephakathi, i-UVC yamaza amafutshane, kunye ne-vacuum wave UVD. Okukhona ubude bamaza, kokukhona bomelela amandla okungena.
I-UVA ye-long-wave, ene-wavelength ye-320 ukuya kwi-400 nm, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-long-wave dark spot effect ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Inamandla okungena anamandla kwaye inokungena kwiglasi kunye neenyawo ezi-9 zamanzi; ikhona unyaka wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kukho amafu okanye ilanga, imini okanye ubusuku.
Ngaphezu kwe-95% yemitha ye-ultraviolet elusu lwethu ludibana nayo yonke imihla yi-UVA. I-UVA inokungena kwi-epidermis kwaye ihlasele i-dermis, ibangele umonakalo omkhulu kwi-collagen kunye ne-elastin esikhumbeni. Ngaphezu koko, iiseli zedermal zinamandla okuzikhusela, ngoko ke inani elincinci le-UVA linokubangela umonakalo omkhulu. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iingxaki ezinjengokugoba kwesikhumba, imibimbi, kunye nokuvela kwee-capillaries.
Kwangaxeshanye, inokuthi isebenze i-tyrosinase, ekhokelela ekufakweni kwe-melanin kwangoko kunye nokwakheka okutsha kwe-melanin, okwenza ulusu lube mnyama kwaye lungabinaluster. I-UVA inokubangela ukulimala kwexesha elide, elingapheliyo kunye nokuguga kwangaphambili kolusu, ngoko ikwabizwa ngokuba yimitha yokuguga. Ke ngoko, i-UVA ikwangowona bude buyingozi kakhulu eluswini.
Yonke into inamacala amabini. Ukusuka kwelinye imbono, i-UVA ineziphumo zayo ezilungileyo. Imitha ye-ultraviolet ye-UVA enobude obungama-360nm ihambelana negophe lempendulo ye-phototaxis yezinambuzane kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imigibe yezinambuzane. Imitha ye-UVA ultraviolet enobude obuyi-300-420nm inokudlula kwizibane ezikhethekileyo zeglasi ezicime ngokupheleleyo ukukhanya okubonakalayo, kwaye zikhanyise kuphela kufutshane ne-ultraviolet ukukhanya okuphakathi kwi-365nm. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuchongwa kwe-ore, ukuhombisa isiteji, ukuhlolwa kwe-banknote kunye nezinye iindawo.
I-UVB ephakathi, ubude be-275 ~ 320nm, ekwaziwa njenge-medium wave erythema isiphumo sokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Xa kuthelekiswa nokungena kwe-UVA, ithathwa njengephakathi. Ubude bayo obufutshane buya kutsalwa yiglasi ecacileyo. Uninzi lwamaza okukhanya aphakathi kwamaza e-ultraviolet aqulethwe kukukhanya kwelanga lufunxwa yi-ozone layer. Kuphela ngaphantsi kwe-2% enokufikelela kumphezulu womhlaba. Iya komelela ngakumbi ehlotyeni nasemva kwemini.
Njenge-UVA, iya kwenza i-oxidize i-lipid layer ekhuselayo ye-epidermis, yomisa ulusu; phambili, iya denature i-nucleic acid kunye neeproteni kwiiseli epidermal, ebangela iimpawu ezifana acute dermatitis (okt, ukutshiswa lilanga), kwaye ulusu luya kuba bomvu. , intlungu. Kwiimeko ezimandundu, njengokuhlala ixesha elide elangeni, ngokulula kunokukhokelela kumhlaza wolusu. Ukongeza, umonakalo wexesha elide ovela kwi-UVB unokubangela ukuguqulwa kwe-melanocytes, kubangele amabala elanga ekunzima ukuwaphelisa.
Nangona kunjalo, abantu baye bafumanisa ngophando lwenzululwazi ukuba i-UVB nayo iluncedo. Izibane zezempilo ze-Ultraviolet kunye nezibane zokukhula kwezityalo zenziwe ngeglasi emfusa ecacileyo ekhethekileyo (engadlulisi ukukhanya okungaphantsi kwe-254nm) kunye ne-phosphors enexabiso eliphezulu elikufutshane ne-300nm.
I-UVC yamaza amafutshane, enobude obuyi-200 ~ 275nm, ikwabizwa ngokuba ngamaza amafutshane amaza okubulala iintsholongwane kwi-ultraviolet. Inamandla okungena abuthathaka kwaye ayikwazi ukugqobhoza iglasi kunye neeplastiki ezicacileyo. Kwanephepha elicekethekileyo linokuyivala. Imitha ye<em>ultraviolet yamaza amafutshane equlathwe kukukhanya kwelanga iphantse ifunxe ngokupheleleyo yi<em>ozone layer ngaphambi kokuba ifike emhlabeni.
Nangona i-UVC kwindalo ifunxwa yi-ozone layer ngaphambi kokuba ifike emhlabeni, impembelelo yayo eluswini ayinanto, kodwa imisebe ye-ultraviolet yamaza amafutshane ayinakukhupha ngokuthe ngqo umzimba womntu. Ukuba luvezwe ngokuthe ngqo, ulusu luya kutsha ngexesha elifutshane, kwaye ukuvezwa kwexesha elide okanye okuphezulu kunokubangela umhlaza wolusu.
Iziphumo zemitha ye-ultraviolet kwibhendi ye-UVC zibanzi kakhulu. Umzekelo: Izibane ze-UV germicidal zikhupha imitha ye-UVC yamaza amafutshane e-ultraviolet. I-UV emifutshane isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizibhedlele, iinkqubo zomoya, iikhabhathi zokubulala iintsholongwane, izixhobo zokunyanga amanzi, imithombo yokusela, iindawo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, amadama okuqubha, ukutya nesiselo kunye nezixhobo zokupakisha, iifektri zokutya, iifektri zokuthambisa, iifektri zobisi, iifektri zobisi iifektri zeziselo, Iindawo ezifana neendawo zokubhaka kunye namagumbi okugcina abandayo.
Isishwankathelo, iingenelo zokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet zezi: 1. I-disinfection kunye ne-sterilization; 2. Ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamathambo; 3. Ilungele umbala wegazi; 4. Ngamanye amaxesha, inokunyanga izifo ezithile zesikhumba; 5. Inokukhuthaza i-metabolism yamaminerali kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-vitamin D emzimbeni; 6. , ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo, njl.
Ukungalungi kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet zezi: 1. Ukubonakaliswa ngokuthe ngqo kuya kubangela ukuguga kwesikhumba kunye nemibimbi; 2. Amabala esikhumba; 3. I-Dermatitis; 4. Ixesha elide kunye nomthamo omkhulu wokuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo kunokubangela umhlaza wolusu.
Indlela yokuphepha ingozi yemitha ye-ultraviolet ye-UVC kumzimba womntu? Ekubeni imisebe ye-UVC ye-ultraviolet inokungena buthathaka ngokugqithiseleyo, inokuvalwa ngokupheleleyo yiglasi eqhelekileyo ecacileyo, iimpahla, iiplastiki, uthuli, njl. ukugquma ulusu lwakho oluveziweyo ngempahla kangangoko, unokukhusela amehlo akho kunye nolusu kwi-UV
Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ukukhanya kwexesha elifutshane kwimitha ye-ultraviolet kufana nokuchaswa lilanga elitshisayo. Ayinabungozi kumzimba womntu kodwa iluncedo. Imisebe ye-UVB ye-ultraviolet inokukhuthaza i-metabolism yamaminerali kunye nokwakheka kwe-vitamin D emzimbeni.
Okokugqibela, i-vacuum wave UVD inobude obuyi-100-200nm, enokusasaza kuphela kwi-vacuum kwaye inamandla okungena abuthathaka kakhulu. Iyakwazi i-oxidize ioksijini emoyeni ibe yi-ozone, ebizwa ngokuba ngumgca we-ozone, ongekho kwindawo yendalo apho abantu bahlala khona.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-22-2024